GLOSSARY

Bahasa-Indonesia

Hormat – Respect, loyalty. During practice when an instructor or a leader calls out hormat, this is equivalent calling to attention and paying respect.
Guru – Teacher.
Maha Guru – Senior teacher.
Guru Muda – Youg teacher.
Guru Besar – Grandmaster.
Guru Besar Muda – Young grandmaster.
Pelatih – Instructor.
Pelatih Muda – Young instructor.
Bapak/Pak – Literally father. This is a term of respect used for men older than yourself. While Bapak is more formal, Pak seems to be the term used often in conversation. (The ‘k’ is not aspirated as strongly as at in English, and it is pronounced almost like you are swallowing the ‘k’.).
Ibu/Bu – Literally mother. Used like Bapak/Pak, but for women.
Mas – (Javanese) – Literally brother. Used for men roughly the same age or social status as yourself.
Mbak – (Javanese) –  Literally sister. Female equivalent to Mas.
Mbah – Term of respect for a leader.
Tante – Taken from the Dutch term for Aunt. It is a term of respect for an older female trait is close to the family.
Om – Taken from he Dutch term for Uncle. It is the male equivalent to Tante.
Romo – Term of address for Catholic priest or other spiritual leader.
Agung – Great. Appended onto titles to show distinction or accomplishment, e.g. Romo Agung or Pendekar Agung.
Pendekar – Highest rank in the art.

Aliran – Style, literally flow.
Persatuan, Perguruan – Organization, Union, Association.
Persaudaaran – Brotherhood.
Cabang – Branch, as in a branch of a school or style.
Calon – Recruit or candidate.
Tata – Order/Arrangement.

Latihan – Practice.
Siap – Ready.
Balik hadap – Turn around.
Maju – Advance, move forward.
Mundur – Retreat, back up.

Satu – One.
Dua – Two.
Tiga – Three.
Empat – For.
Lima – Five.
Enam – Six.
Tujuh – Seven.
Delapan – Eight.
Sembilan – Nine.
Sepuluh – Ten.

Kuda-kuda – Stance (literally: horse-horse).
Kuda-kuda depan – Front stance.
Kuda-kuda belakang – Back stance.
Kuda-kuda tengah – Middle stance (called horse stance in most of other martial arts).
Kuda-kuda samping – Side stance (like a front stance, but facing to the side).
Kuda-kuda rendah – Low stance.
Langkah – Step/stepping.
Langkah garis – Linear stepping.
Langkah tiga – triangle stepping.
Langkah empat – Square stepping.
Ales – Often means evasion, but the meaning is context dependent.
Sempok – Front seated, cross legged position.
Depok – Back seated, cross legged position.
Payung – Umbrella.

Gerakan – Motion.
Goyong – Shake.
Jurus/Jurusan – literally direction or steps. This refers to a sequence of moves like kata in the Japanese arts..
Pukul/Pukulan – Punh, strike/punching, striking.
Tendang/Tendangan – Kick/kicking.
Tangkis/Tangkisan – Block/blocking.
Sapu – Ankle sweep, torqueing throw for repositioning. Inside sweep: sapu dalem, outside sweep: sapu luar.
Beset – Rear stepping sweep or tripping obstacle. Inside sweep: beset dalem, outside sweep: beset luar.
Dekok – Literally ditch, to make part of your body hollow or empty.
Puter kepala – Literally turning the head.
Kunci/Kuncian – Locks/locking.
Bunga/Kembang/Kembangan – Literally flower. It refers to the dancing part of the martial art.
Buah – Literally fruit. It refers to the applied part of the martial art.

Tongkat – Stick.
Toya – Staff.
Pisau/Belati – Knife.
Golok/Parang – Machete.
Klewang – Curved saber.
Pedang – Sword.
Pedang mata dua/Anggar (Javanese) – Doubled edged sword.
Pedang mata satu/Candrasa (Javanese) – Single edged sword.
Clurit/Curing (Javanese) – Curved sickle like implement, weapon of choice in Madura.
Cambuk/Pecut – Whip.
Kerambit – Small, tiger-claw shake knife popular in Sumatra.
Keris/Kris/Dhuwung (Javanese) – Curvy s-shaped knife, highly revered in many Malay/Indonesian cultures and often believed to possess supernatural powers.
Pusaka – Heirloom/treasure. See listing under “The Esoteric”.
Senjata – Weapon.

Binatang – Animal.
Belalang Sembah/Walang Sembah (Javanese) – Praying mantis.
Blekok – Crane.
Macan/Harimau/Sardula (Javanese) – Tiger.
Monyet/Kera/Senggono (Javanese) – Monkey.
Naga Hijau/Naga Raja – Green dragon/King dragon.
Ular/Taksaka (Javanese) – Snake.
Ayamjago – Rooster.
Buaya – Crocodile.
Kucing – Cat.
Harimau Kumbag – Panther.
Kalong – Bat.
Karbau – Buffalo.
Gajah – Elephant.
Elang – Eagle.
Garuda – Mythological bird.

Anasir – Element.
Angin/Bayu (Javanese) – Wind.
Api/Agni (giavanese) – Fire.
Bumi/Buwana (giavanese) – Earth.
Air/Samundra – Water.

Orang – Person.
Manusia – Human being/Man kind.
Ksatria – Knight/warrior.
Pendeta/Pandhita Tapa (Javanese) – Monk/priest.

Daya Batin – Daya means inner, batin means power.
Meditasi – Meditation.
Ilmu – Knowledge/magic.
Ilmu Hitam – Black magic.
Jiwa – Soul.
Pusaka/Pustaka – From the sanskrit word for heirloom. In Javanese Kejawen culture these heirlooms are treasures that must be protected as they are often believed to have supernatural powers. In practice these heirlooms are often weapons such as sword or keris.
Kebatinan – Spiritual study often incorporating meditation to develop tolerance to pain or other adversity.